The causes of upper GI bleeding include peptic ulcers, gastritis, angiodysplasia, upper GI tumors, whereas the lower GI bleeding is caused due to diverticulosis, infectious colitis, hemorrhoids, and anal fissures. Endoscopic examination is used as a diagnostic tool to identify the location and cause of the GI bleeding.
Management involves two goals i.e. replenishment of the blood loss with IV fluid or blood transfusion and to stop the ongoing bleeding.