Deteriorating air quality can significantly affect respiratory health, particularly among individuals with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), older adults and children. Exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and other air pollutants can aggravate airway inflammation, trigger respiratory symptoms and increase the risk of acute exacerbations. Patients may present with worsening cough, wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness or increased sputum production.

A careful clinical assessment is essential to evaluate symptom severity, oxygen saturation and possible triggers, while distinguishing pollution-related exacerbations from respiratory infections and other underlying conditions. Management should focus on timely recognition and appropriate treatment of exacerbations in accordance with established asthma and COPD guidelines. Reviewing inhaler technique,…