A single-arm clinical trial evaluated the effects of a low-fat vegan diet on ectopic lipids, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function in 25 adults with type 2 diabetes over 16 weeks. The intervention reduced mean body weight by 6.0 kg (6.6% from baseline), largely due to a 4.2 kg reduction in fat mass. Visceral fat volume decreased by 290 cm³, while hepatocellular lipids declined by 33.0% and the advanced glycation end product (AGE) score decreased by 0.4.

Insulin resistance, measured by the HOMA-IR index, decreased by 2.5 points, while insulin sensitivity, measured by PREDIM, increased by 1.3 mg/min/kg. Markers of beta-cell function, including insulin secretion at specific glucose levels, beta-cell glucose sensitivity, rate sensitivity, and potentiation factor, also improved. These findings suggest that a low-fat vegan diet may reduce ectopic fat and improve insulin sensitivity and…