Prevalence of CVD and CKD Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as a major health concern across the globe. In 2016, the global prevalence of CKD was 13.4%, increasing up to 35% in the elderly cohort.1 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with CKD.
Cardiovascular (CV) mortality was about twice as high in patients with stage 3 CKD (eGFR 30–59 mL/min per 1·73 m²) and 3- times higher at stage 4 (15–29 mL/min per 1·73 m²) than that in patients with normal kidney function.