Hospital surfaces such as floors, bedsheets, sinks, curtains, equipment, and patient-care areas are often contaminated with pathogens, making the environment a significant reservoir of microorganisms. The presence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci, plays a major role in the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Budget limitations and outsourcing of cleaning services have further compromised hygiene in many healthcare facilities, making rigorous cleaning and disinfection practices essential for patient safety.
Environmental contamination occurs through contact, droplets from coughing or sneezing, and splashes, and can also result from contaminated medical devices during manufacturing or use. Reducing bacterial load in the environment significantly lowers the risk of HAIs. Effective cleaning of hospital surfaces,…
