As per Rome criteria, functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) were earlier characterized by the absence of biochemical or structural abnormalities, resulting in less specific symptoms. However, with advanced searches and proper tests, the biological causes and specific symptoms of FGIDs have now been identified. The symptomatic features constitute chronic or recurrent abdominal pain, relieved or exacerbated with bowel habits, and associated mood disorders like anxiety or depression.
FGID mainly comprises functional dyspepsia (FD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and the underlying pathophysiology targets gastrointestinal motility and sensory visceral organs. Several mechanisms that play a role in FGID include gut-brain axis disorders, genetic factors, environmental factors, diet, infections, altered intestinal microbiota and permeability, mucosal inflammation, triggered immunity,…
