A multicenter retrospective cohort study analyzed real-world data from the Kidney canceR Australian registry and Biobank to investigate the impact of ipilimumab plus nivolumab (Ipi/Nivo) approval on treatment initiation and outcomes in patients older than 18 years with metastatic clear cell kidney cancer who received systemic therapy. Combination immunotherapy with Ipi/Nivo was approved in Australia in 2019 for patients with International Metastatic Database Consortium intermediate- and poor-risk disease.

Although selected patients can safely delay treatment because of indolent disease, delaying treatment beyond 1 year in patients without other International Metastatic Database Consortium risk factors classifies them as favorable risk and prevents access to Ipi/Nivo. The study compared patient demographics, time to systemic therapy from diagnosis of metastatic disease, and outcomes…