Tuberculosis can recur soon after treatment completion, with a multicenter study in Maharashtra detecting recurrent TB among survivors during the 12-month post-treatment period and highlighting the importance of continued surveillance after treatment. The TB Aftermath study , published in The Lancet Global Health, evaluated whether phone-based screening was non-inferior to home-based screening for detecting TB among survivors and their household contacts. The randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial enrolled 1,076 TB survivors within 60 days of completing treatment across six public clinics in Maharashtra and enumerated 3,309 household contacts.

Survivors were randomly assigned to phone-based or home-based symptom screening at six and 12 months. During the 12-month post-treatment period, TB was detected in 75 TB survivors (7%) and 30 household contacts (1%). Across survivors and…