Upper gastro intestinal hemorrhage is defined as bleeding from a source proximal to the ligament of treitz for the practical purpose it is from the esophagus,stomach, and duodenum. Upper gi hemorrhage 4 times commoner than lower gi hemorrhage,its occurs in 50 to150 persons in 1 lac population annually and having 11% mortality.
Causes of upper GI hemorrhage: esophagus varices,esophageal ulcers,malignant growths and malloy weiss tear or Boerhaave syndrome. stomach: gastric ulcer,carcinoma, and gastric varices duodenum: duodenal ulcer ,vascular malformations, and severe superior mesenteric artery syndrome For practical purpose main causes are peptic ulcer,gastric erosion,esophageal varices and gastric carcinoma Sign and symptoms Hematemesis, melena, hematochezia, syncope, dyspepsia, diffuse abdominal pain weight loss and jaundice Investigations blood pressure measurement CBC blood urea…
