Air embolism or vasculature air embolism is the entrainment of air from operative field or communication with the environment into venous or arterial vasculature, its predominantly an iatrogenic complication. Entry of 100 to 300 ml of air in venous system and 2ml of in cerebral circulation could be fatal and 5 ml of air in coronary arteries is sufficient to cause cardiac arrest. chances of air entry in circulation are from following sources: 1.During neurosurgery specially during head up position or in sitting position or in posterior fossa surgeries 10 to 80% 2.Chances are during laparoscopic,gynac surgery or LSCS or orthopedic surgery like total hip replacement 3.Penetrating or blunt chest trauma chances 7% 4.During invasive catheter insertion 2% Risk factors: 1.
Operative site 5 cm above atrium 2.Creation of pressure gradient as in creating pneumoperitoneum 3. Large veins in…
