A previous clinical trial demonstrated that tislelizumab, an anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, plus low-dose nab-paclitaxel achieved a 62.7% complete response (CR) rate in patients with transurethrally unresectable very high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (VHR NMIBC). Building on these findings, a phase 2 study evaluated the safety and efficacy of combining disitamab vedotin, an anti-ERBB2 antibody-drug conjugate, with tislelizumab in patients with transurethrally unresectable ERBB2-positive VHR NMIBC. The study included 28 patients with a median age of 72 years.

Of the 26 patients who completed the initial efficacy assessment, 19 (73.1%) achieved a CR of high-risk disease. In a conservative analysis that counted two patients who withdrew before assessment as nonresponders, the CR rate was 67.9% (19 of 28 patients). Among the 19 responders, the…