In our country and in many developing countries Antenatal services is not adequately available to many who live in the rural and unreachable area and many even do not avail their services in early pregnancy due to lack of education and health awareness. They either go to nearby semi-qualified  health providers or even general practitioners or even specialist for many their common problems of upper respiratory, GI tract or urinary tract or simple skin tooth or other infection or trauma and where many classes of common antibiotics, such as macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and metronidazole, are prescribed knowing or unknowing status of early pregnancy.

These common antibiotics are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage in early pregnancy and even women who take common antibiotics to treat infections during the early stages of pregnancy may be at two-fold…