Glaucoma, a complex and progressive neurodegenerative condition, stands as the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. 1 It is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, and the development of optic disc cupping.
1 Glaucoma is a group of disorders having different clinical features, risk factors, and interrelated mechanisms.1 Significant risk factors comprise age, high intraocular pressure (IOP), and genetic predisposition. 1 This article provides deeper insights into the pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, and diagnosis of glaucoma.