Keratoconus is a degenerative disorder characterized by non-inflammatory corneal ectasia. We have base and apex of the cone.
The base is referred to as placoid cornea and the apex is referred to as nipple cornea. Four cardinal features of keratoconus are as follows: Folds and ruptures in Descemet’s membrane Manson's sign that is a distortion of lower lid margin caused by bulged cornea when the patient looks in the downward phase Visible or enlarged corneal nerves known as Vogt striae Fleischer ring that is a brownish ring of hemosiderin at the base of the cone Some of the causes of keratoconus are: Ectopia lentis Osteogenesis imperfecta Blue sclera Severe rubbing of eyes Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Retinitis pigmentosa Vernal keratoconjunctivitis Congenital cataract Atopic dermatitis Aniridia Retinopathy of prematurity Down's syndrome Turner's syndrome Leber's congenital amaurosis…
