1. Noninvasive cardiological investigations: Exercise ECG or stress ECG - its utility is somewhat limited. Mean sensitivity and specificity are 68%& 77% respectively for detection of single vessel disease and 81% and 66% for multivessel disease. ECG is recorded during and after the exercise which is usually done on a treadmill.

Performance is usually symptoms limited, the test is discontinued if there is evidence of chest discomfort, severe shortness of breath, dizziness, severe fatigue, ST segment depression >2mv or mm, fall in systolic blood pressure > 10 mm of Hg or development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The ischaemic ST segment response is usually defined as flat depression of the ST segment > 1mv below baseline, lasting 08 sec. Upsloping or junctional ST segment changes are not considered are not considered characteristic of ischaemia and donor constitute a positive test. T…