Acute renal failure or acute kidney injury is sudden loss of kidney functions within 7 days, potentialy reversible with high morbidy and mortality (20 t0 50 % mortality), presents in 5% of medical and surgical hospatal admitted patients. Acute renal failure may be because of following causes: Prerenal cause are Hypovolemia, hypotension, cirrohsis, heart failure, renal artery stenosis and renal vein throbosis Renal causes: Acute interstitial nephritis.
Mostly because of drug toxicity like rifapicin, heavy metal, NSAIDS and certan herbal drugs Fulminating glomuronephritis, due to vasculitis Others, tumor lysis syndrome Post renal: are due to obstruction urinary tract mostly due to prostatic diseases,ureteric obstruction and malignancy Sign and symptoms Oliguria: urine output decreased below 400 ml/day Symptoms related to causes Diagnosis : Urine examination microscopy and culture Serum…
