Blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration serves as the key indicator for anaemia because it can be measured directly and has an international standard. In response to low tissue oxygen levels in anemia, the kidney produces the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

A major cause of the anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a reduction in erythropoietin production due to kidney damage. This video talks about " Anemia Management in CKD."