Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a long-lasting autoimmune disease that affects the exocrine glands due to lymphocyte infiltration. The patients usually experience dry eye related to ocular surface diseases and other systemic symptoms.
However, diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) from non-Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (NSSDE) is challenging for clinicians due to the high prevalence of dry eye disease and the lack of reliable diagnostic tools. Diagnosing SS is crucial for timely referral and treatment of associated complications.1