Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in nearly all countries. Several behavioral and environmental factors have contributed to the rise in diabetes incidence in industrialized countries, including overweight (body mass index [BMI], >25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI, >30 kg/m2), physical inactivity, and increased caloric consumption; these have all been shown to be major risk factors for the devel-opment of type 2 diabetes, regardless of age and sex.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with both macro vascular (including CVD) and micro vascular (including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) complications.
