Babies / children with hydronephrosis either diagnosed antenatally or post natally should be evaluated for the cause: common causes are 1. primary obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction 2. obstruction at vesicoureteric junction 3.
primary reflux at the vesicoureteric junction 4. posterior urethral valve with reflux either bilateral or unilateral 5. neurogenic bladder all patients with hydronephrosis should have consultation with paediatric urologist, needs further evaluation and treatment at the earliest to prevent kidney injury / renal failure
