Histology of nose: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar-with mucus and serous glands. Olfactory epithelium at roof. Lymphatic Drainage: Anterior nose same as external nose-sub mental lymph nodes then on to Level-I nodes. Posterior part of nose to retropharyngeal lymph nodes, on to Lateral pharyngeal nodes and then onto Level II nodes. Symptoms: Early symptoms are sinusitis but notable point shall be unilaterality of symptoms. Later symptoms include proptosis, vision change and cheek swelling.
Aetiology: Exposure to metal ducts, aerosols, nickel seen in battery manufacturing, chromium. Shoe industry associated with adenocarcinoma. Histologically most common tumours are squamous cell carcinoma, followed by adeno carcinoma. Non epithelial tumours like sarcoma and lymphoma. Third category is metastatic deposit. Investigations include CT/MRI/PET (For residual, recurrent disease and radiated…
