Preliminary findings from a school-based screening program conducted by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, suggest that polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), formerly known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may affect 3% to 5% of adolescent girls screened. The findings, which have not yet been published, are based on screening of more than 4,000 children across seven government and private schools in Delhi since around 2023. The findings have drawn attention to the diagnostic complexities of PMOS during adolescence, when several features associated with the condition can overlap with normal pubertal development.

Menstrual irregularity is common soon after menarche, acne is frequent during puberty, and multifollicular ovarian morphology may reflect normal ovarian maturation rather than disease. Current international recommendations therefore use…