Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system through an autoimmune response. GBS commonly occurs after a respiratory or gastrointestinal bacterial or viral infection, with Campylobacter jejuni being the most common risk factor. A lipooligosaccharide in the bacterial outer membrane resembles gangliosides found in peripheral nerves. Consequently, an immune response triggered against the bacterial lipooligosaccharide is thought to cause a cross-reaction with host nerves.
GBS presents with symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness that can progress to paralysis. It is diagnosed using electromyography, nerve conduction studies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging. GBS is managed with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange. Additionally, supportive care is essential for addressing…
