Holoprosencephaly is a developmental disorder that occurs due to incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon. It is classified into three subtypes in order of increasing severity: Lobar holoprosencephaly: This is characterized by the fusion of the cerebral hemispheres at the frontal cortex and the presence of the right and left ventricles. Semilobar holoprosencephaly: This occurs when there is a partial separation of the hemispheres.
Alobar holoprosencephaly: This is the most severe form and is characterized by the complete absence of the interhemispheric fissure and the presence of only one ventricle. Holoprosencephaly can present with a wide range of symptoms, including cyclopia, hypotelorism, lateral cleft lip, etc. This condition can often occur as part of a syndrome, commonly associated conditions include trisomy 13, Steinfeld syndrome, and endocrine disorders like hypogonadism.…
