Large kidney and ureteral stones are removed by performing open surgery using a large flank incision for a long time. However, a technique to minimize the incision size with a higher success rate is the need of the hour. The additional advantage of reducing the incision size would be lesser blood loss, blood transfusion, lesser pain, and a short duration of hospitalization. Large, dense, and numerous kidney stones cannot be treated by existing traditional methods and need a specialized technique for removing them.

Which of the following techniques is used for the painless removal of large kidney stones (>1.5 cm)? Ureteroscopy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) Open surgery Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) (Answer is posted in the comment section below! ##Disclaimer## The content provided on Docplexus is intended for educational purposes only. While we strive to ensure its…