Chronic renal failure or chronic kidney disease is decreased glomolular filteration rate less than 60 ml/mts/1.73m2 for 3 months or more than this, not reversible and 9th leading cause of death. Staging of CKD is like: Glomolular filteration rate less than 90ml/minute/1.73m2 Stage 2 GFR between 60 to 89 ml/mt Stage 3 GFR between 30 to 59ml/mt Stage 4 GFR between 15 to 29ml/mt Stage 5 GFR <15 ml/mt Stage 1 to 3 is asymptomatic and stage 4 & 5 is clinical, GFR and albumin in urine (more than 300mg min 24 hrs) are the two best guide for prognosis. Causes for this CKD : Dibetes mallitus Hypertension Vascular Renal artery stenosis Renal vein thrombosis Glomolular causes are a.
Primary Membranous nepropathy Glomularscelrosis b. Secondry Diabetes SLE and Rheumatoid arthritis Hepatitis B and C and HIV Syphlis Drugs like gold and pencellamine 4. Cystic diseases of kidney 5.tubulo…
