CO 2 is a potent stimulus and stress to the brain, respiratory center. Keep this in mind while giving Anaesthesia for Lap Surgeries. Take a deep breath and try to stop breathing — as much time as possible. Observe your feeling at the breaking point. Intense stress. This is exactly what patients feel or face during lap surgeries:  If you don’t  take care of carbon dioxide washout dead warm canister, Inadequate fresh gas flow, Inadequate Respiratory rate, Inadequate Tidal volume, High INTRA abdominal pressure, etc  If you don’t give Good depth of Anaesthesia, Analgesia.

High metabolic rate — more carbon dioxide production  Stress + pain. - High catecholamines — High sugar — more pco 2. A reduced threshold of respiratory center to CO 2 - Brisk quick response. All pressures of the body ICP, IOP, CVP, PAP, IAP, etc INCREASE. [OPIOIDS  increase the threshold of the Respiratory center to…