Vaccines and prevention of risk factors can bring down the high mortality rate Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an infectious disease of lungs. In the year 2015, 5.9 million deaths of children under 5 years were reported worldwide, of which 20% occurred in India. This review evaluated the management and prevention of CAP and identified knowledge gaps and implementation inefficiencies. All types of published literature from 1985 to March 2015, on children between 2-59 months with outcome variables, CAP-associated mortality, incidence, etiology, risk factors, and its prevention, was included. The case fatality rate (CFR) due to CAP was between 2.5% to 11.8%, younger children and girls had higher CFR.
S. pneumoniae (30–50%), H. influenzae type b (8.8%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7–23%) were the most common causative micro-organisms. Respiratory syncytial virus (17–32%,…
