Dry eye disease (DED) is driven by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, and chronic ocular surface inflammation. Emerging evidence highlights exosomes —small extracellular vesicles that transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids— as promising tools in DED management . A recent systematic review suggests that exosomes may exert multimodal therapeutic effects, including immunomodulation, suppression of neuroinflammation, and promotion of corneal epithelial repair, thereby addressing key mechanisms involved in ocular surface damage.
Beyond their therapeutic role, exosomes also demonstrate strong potential as drug delivery vehicles and diagnostic biomarkers . Their ability to carry bioactive molecules such as miRNAs may enhance targeted anti-inflammatory therapy , while tear- or saliva-derived exosomal biomarkers could help monitor disease progression and severity. Although challenges…
