This in vitro study compared digital static–guided endodontic microsurgery with the conventional freehand approach, focusing on surgical precision, safety near the mental foramen, osteotomy size, and procedural time. Using 48 CBCT-scanned, 3D-printed mandibular models with varying mental foramen positions , the guided technique consistently achieved a significantly greater safety margin from the mental foramen across all anatomical scenarios. Static guidance also resulted in s maller osteotomy surface area, reduced length and width, and significantly shorter operative time compared to freehand surgery.
Importantly, variations in mental foramen position did not diminish the advantages of guided surgery. These findings support digital static guides as a predictable, efficient, and safer alternative to freehand techniques in endodontic microsurgery, particularly when operating in…
