Emerging evidence suggests an association between lower vitamin D levels and neuropsychiatric disorders, while studies have also reported links between type 2 diabetes (T2D), depression, and cognitive impairment. To explore this further, a study evaluated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients aged 85 years or older with T2D and identified factors associated with comorbid depressive symptoms and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Among 188 enrolled patients, 13.3% had depressive symptoms, 27.6% had MCI, and 20.2% had both. Compared with controls, patients with comorbid depressive symptoms and MCI were significantly more likely to be female, single, smokers, older, less physically active, and less educated, and to have more comorbidities, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, longer diabetes duration, higher HbA1c, triglyceride, BMI, and Geriatric Depression Scale…