Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive modality that is increasingly used for diagnosis and understanding of renal physiology in humans. However, imaging the kidneys provides unique challenges due to potential complications from contrast agents. Therefore, development of non-contrast techniques to study kidney anatomy and physiology is crucial.
According to recent clinical findings, Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MR- a non-contrast imaging technique- that provides better functional information related to renal tissue oxygenation in various pathophysiologic conditions as compared with complementary MR techniques. Source: DoveMedical Press
