Presence of stones in gall bladder or cholelithiasis is most common clinical entity in day to day surgical practice, in this disease treament revolutioized after invention of laproscopic removal of gall bladder,some common causes are: 1. old formula its common in fatty, forty, females in reproductive age group 2.lack of melatonin 3.rapid weight loss and after bariatric surgery 4.low intake of nutrients 5.increased level of estrogen as in pregnency,hormone replacement therapy or oral hormone pills for contraception 6. diabetes, there are increased chances stones are of following type: a.cholesterol these are having 80% cholesterol by weight and yellow to green in color and can be dissolved in ursodeoxycholic acid.
b. pigmentary or bilirubin stones are black and multiple ,having less than 20% cholestrol,these are made up of bilrubin and calcium carbonate and palmitate and these are more…
