Introduction & Demographic Shift Our country is experiencing a profound demographic transition. With rising life expectancy and declining fertility rates, the population of senior citizens (aged 60 years and older) is expanding rapidly. Demographic Projections: In 2011, India was home to 104 million senior citizens. By 2036 , this number is projected to reach 230 million . Sex Ratio & Vulnerability: In 2011, the sex ratio among older adults stood at 1,065 females per 1,000 males , with 50% of these women being widowed —a group facing heightened social and health vulnerabilities.

Regional Disparities: The rate of aging varies across states. Southern states, led by Kerala (where seniors will make up 23% of the population by 2036 ), are aging fastest. Conversely, states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar will continue to maintain a predominantly younger population. Globally, prescription…