Recent trends in the management of macular hole focus on advances in surgical techniques and improved visual outcomes. Pars plana vitrectomy remains the gold standard, with newer approaches such as internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and inverted ILM flap techniques significantly increasing closure rates, especially in large or refractory holes. The use of shorter-acting gas tamponades and faster postoperative recovery protocols, including reduced need for prolonged face-down positioning, have improved patient comfort. Additionally, adjuvants like platelet-rich plasma and growth factors are being explored to enhance healing, while early diagnosis with optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled timely intervention and better prognosis.
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