Arising from the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder, the bladder cancer characteristically causes blood in the urine with frequent painful urination. Veteran actor Vinod Khanna (70), who had been admitted to HN Reliance Foundation and Research Centre in Girgaon, Mumbai recently, breathed his last while suffering from bladder cancer, on April 27. Approximately 70-80% patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer present with superficial tumors (Ta, Tis or T(1)).
There is, however, a continuum between superficial and muscle-invasive cancer, with the advanced cases usually associated with less-differentiated histology and aneuploidy. Common sites of metastasis include regional lymph nodes, bone, lung, skin, and liver. Compared with other cancer types, there have been several clinical advances in the treatment of bladder cancer over the past 20 years, and the standard of care and…
