Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen sharply worldwide over the past three decades, affecting populations across both high- and low-income countries. Its growing burden reflects a complex interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental influences such as diet, sedentary lifestyle, and urbanization. Although multiple pharmacological therapies are available, there remains a pressing need for innovative strategies that are effective, sustainable, and associated with minimal adverse effects. Should microbiome modulation begin early in metabolic disease?
One promising area of research focuses on modulation of the gut microbiome through interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. These approaches aim to restore microbial balance and potentially improve insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. While clinical trial outcomes to date…
