Most of the children get infected from their HIV-infected mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Some antiretroviral agents are effective when used in the first 6 weeks of infants' life are providing prospects for cure. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is indeed succeeding in providing better life to the infected children, however opportunistic infections, drug resistance, and growth retardation are some of the challenges faced in pediatric setting. An estimated 3.2 million children (younger than 15 years) were living with HIV infection by the end of 2013.
Majority of them acquire HIV from their HIV-infected mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Due to the aggressive prevention measures employed in the last couple of years the risk of mother- to - child HIV transmission has been reduced. However those who are already infected with HIV need the treatment…
