Even though HIV infection itself is a fatal threat, patients often fall victims to opportunistic infections (OIs) associated with HIV. Children are highly vulnerable to these OIs owing to their weak immune system. Disease progression is faster and they usually die if these conditions are not diagnosed and treated in time. Tuberculosis is the most predominant fatal OI associated with pediatric HIV. Hence, Management of TB in HIV infected children is need of the hour.
Tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, candidiasis and Herpes zoster are the most commonly occurring OIs associated with HIV-infected children. Amonst these, TB is the most prevalent (approximately 30% for cTB, PTB, and EPTB combined). Treatment of all OIs for pediatric patients differs from adults. Treatment must be implemented by considering differences between adults and children in terms of drug…
