Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) manifests as sudden, profound painless monocular vision loss with a pathognomonic cherry-red spot at the macula on fundoscopy, reflecting inner retinal ischemia sparing the foveola. This distinguishes it from central retinal vein occlusion (painless but with hemorrhages), optic neuritis (painful with afferent pupillary defect), and retinal detachment (photopsia and veil-like loss). Here’s a test of your expertise in rapid ophthalmic diagnosis. (Scroll down to answer the question) Reference: Ahn J, et al. Surv Ophthalmol.
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