Graves’ disease (GD) was first recognized in the 19 th century as a syndrome that encompasses an overactive enlarged thyroid gland, elevated heart rate, and ocular abnormalities. It was named after the Irish doctor Robert James Graves who described a patient who presented with goiter, palpitations, and exophthalmos in 1835. The following article presents an overview, prevalence, clinical manifestations, and associated comorbidities of Graves’ disease.
Introduction GD is a multifactorial disease associated with the complex interactions between genetic components and environmental factors. It is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system makes a duplicate antibody called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) that mimics the action of TSH and stimulates the production of excess thyroid hormones. 1 The presence of these TSI antibodies in patients’ blood confirms the diagnosis of…
