The combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become a cornerstone of treatment for several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, and breast cancer . While this strategy has significantly improved clinical outcomes, it also introduces new challenges in patient selection, toxicity management, and treatment monitoring. Chemotherapy promotes rapid tumor debulking and enhances antigen release through immunogenic cell death (ICD), while immunotherapy amplifies the body's T-cell-mediated immune response.

Together, they create a powerful therapeutic synergy—but also increase the complexity of patient care. Key Clinical Considerations ✔ Comprehensive baseline assessment—including organ function, endocrine profile, cardiac evaluation, and infectious disease screening—is essential before treatment initiation. ✔…