SGLT2 inhibitors have opened new avenues for the management of heart failure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, their mechanism of action is still unclear. Systemic Effects and Mechanisms of Action SGLT2 inhibitors have been found to maintain renal function by reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by 0.6% to 1% in patients with T2DM.
Mechanisms of Action for End-organ Protection Lowering of BP is mediated through natriuresis and associated plasma volume contraction, decrease in arterial stiffness, and improvement in endothelial function Nephroprotection SGLT2 inhibitors protect the kidneys by increasing distal sodium delivery and inhibiting tubuloglomerular feedback, resulting in afferent vasoconstriction and reduction in intraglomerular pressure. These agents also play a crucial role in the reduction of inflammatory…
