Urolithiasis, one of the most frequent conditions presented to the emergency wards, necessitates management with surgical interventions. Although advanced equipment and machines have reduced the incidence of surgical complications, severe complications are still not obsolete. This warrants for skillful surgical management of urolithiasis as well as handling of subsequent complications.
Surgical Management of Urolithiasis Treatment of renal and ureteral calculi has come a long way from open surgery to minimal invasive surgical procedures (ureteroscopes). Most commonly used surgical procedures to treat renal and ureteral stones are: External Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL): Pulverization of calculi using external shock waves under x-ray and/or ultrasonic guidance which is then expelled out via urination. Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy and/or Basket Retrieval (URS): Laser induced…
