Tubal and peritoneal factors are responsible for almost 30 to 35 % of cases of infertility. PID is considered to be major factor infertility. Studies reveal that chances of tubal damage inreases with number and severity of tubal disease. Chlaymydia and pelvic tuberculosis are tha main culprit. Other issues are inflammation related to endometriosis, inflammatory bowel disease or surgical trauma. The tubal damage thus created results in anatomical abnormality that prevents union of sperm and ovum.
Proximal tubal occlusion prevents sperm from reaching the ampullary portion of tube where fertilization takes place. Distal tubal occlusion prevents capture of ovum from ovary. Classically, hystero-salpingography and laparoscopy has been used for tubal evaluation in infertile women. Each of the method has its own advantage and disadvantage. HSG can be performed on outpatient basis, is less…
