. Varicose veins are chronic venous insufficiencies affecting 10–30% of the population worldwide. The pathophysiology is subjected to genetic predisposition, weakened vascular walls, impaired valves, and an increase in intravenous pressure. The established risk factors include prolonged standing, obesity, chronic constipation, pregnancy, family history of venous disease, and tumor.
The symptoms of varicose veins are burning, itching or heavy sensation, and pain in the legs with a blue or dark purple coloration of the veins and may also lead to thrombosis and leg ulcers. They are managed from a range of conservative approaches to surgical interventions. Some well-known treatment modalities include lifestyle alterations, compressions, laser or endovenous thermal ablation, endovenous sclerotherapy, and surgery, the choice of which can be made only after a thorough examination and…
