The grading of hypertensive retinopathy are the following: Grade 1: Is increased reflex from retinal vessels and narrowing of retinal arterioles. Grade 2: Are changes at arteriovenous crossing subdivided as soles sign that is a deflection of vessels bones sign banking of vessels guns sign that is tapering of vessels. Grade 3: Hemorrhages exudates and copper wire appearance of vessels.

Grade 4: Is papilledema with silver wire appearance of vessels. Share your views.