Highlights Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly coexists with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and influences glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been investigated for its potential to improve hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and reduce diabetes-related complications. Evidence suggests modest HbA1c improvement with adequate CPAP adherence, while data on microvascular outcomes remain limited and emerging. This review outlines recent findings and highlights practical recommendations for pulmonologists who manage OSA in patients with T2D.
1. Clinical Relevance and Pathophysiological Basis OSA affects a significant proportion of individuals with T2D, and patients with both conditions often have more severe metabolic and vascular complications compared with those who have diabetes alone (10). Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation in OSA activate…
