Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is usually diagnosed between 24–28 weeks of pregnancy, limiting opportunities for earlier intervention. A retrospective cohort study involving 240 singleton pregnancies evaluated whether first-trimester biochemical markers could predict future GDM risk. Among participants, 42 women (17.5%) developed GDM, with diagnosis occurring at a mean gestational age of 25.8±2.3 weeks.
Women who later developed GDM were significantly older and had higher gravida and parity values. Biochemical assessment showed lower first-trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels, slightly lower free β-hCG levels, and significantly higher β-hCG/PAPP-A ratios among women who developed GDM. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that PAPP-A showed the strongest predictive performance (AUC 0.72), with 69.0% sensitivity and 68.2% specificity at a…
