Case presentation A 3-year-old female child was admitted to a hospital with recurrent episodes of hematuria. Upon investigation of the child's clinical history, it was revealed that the child experienced two episodes of hematuria a few weeks ago.
This history was not initially mentioned by the parents. Laboratory investigation Urine analyses: Negative for erythrocytes and proteinuria Normocytic anemia (Hemoglobin-9.9 g/dL; Mean Corpuscular Volume- 74 mm3; Iron- 13 mg/d) Coagulation tests: Normal; D-dimers: 2060 ng mL−1 Transabdominal ultrasound Revealed a giant hyperechoic mass arising from the vesical dome T1-weighted coronal MRI Revealed a complex, lobular, isointense, vascular malformation at the left leg ( Figure 1a ) T2-weighted inversion and T1-weighted recovery MRI Revealed large vesical vascular malformation (4.7 x 2.4 cm) ( Figure 1b ) What is the most likely diagnosis for…
